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Words in Swedenborg
and Their Meanings in Modern English

by Rev. Frank Rose

Introduction

The Writings of Swedenborg are full of truth and beauty. even though he wrote so many years ago the teachings have not in the least faded. He wrote in simple and direct Latin. Within a short time after his death all of the theological works he had published were available in English and they have all remained in print to this day. But the English poses many challenges to a modern reader. Some of this is due to the fact that Latin is a very different language. For one thing it is possible to write long sentences in Latin and have them still be understandable, whereas English works better with short sentences. Vocabulary is another problem. Many of the words and phrases found in translations of Swedenborg are puzzling. The words may seem strange, or used in unusual ways. For one thing, Latin does not use the words "a", "an" or "the". It might make more sense in some cases to leave them out, or to interchange them. For another thing, adjectives are often used in Latin as nouns; this is why we find such words as "truths" and "internals." Some words have a meaning that is commonly known, but are also used at times to mean something else. For example "read" can either have its usual meaning, or mean "recite". In the dictionary we give more than one definition for such words. If the original word is repeated in the definitions, it is simply saying that it is used in the way the reader expects, plus the other uses listed. This little dictionary has been compiled to help readers get closer to the intended meaning.

The entries fall into various categories:

  1. Latin, Greek and Hebrew

  2. New words

  3. Misleading words

  4. Adjectives used as nouns

  5. Phrases (such as "the celestial of the spiritual")

  6. Words that are not used as much now as they used to be (the bulk of the entries in this dictionary are in this group)

  7. Mistranslations (in some cases the translator made an error and so the meaning can only be discovered by looking at the original Latin)

Not included: place names, anatomical words, diseases, people's names and some unusual words from the Bible....

Frank Rose, Tucson, 1985

New Words

There are more than a dozen new words in Swedenborg's Writings, many of them appearing only a few times in one particular translation.  There are five that are frequently used:  CONJUGIAL, CONTAINANT, PROPRIUM, SCORTATORY, VASTAATE

Misleading Words

There are many words that have a different meaning than the average reader would expect.  Here are some of them:

ACCIDENTAL

ADMIT

AFFECT

AFFECTION

APPREHEND

ASSUMPTION

BRIDE

BRIDEGROOM

BULL

CHARITY

CHASTE

CIRCUS

COLDS

CONTINENT

CONTINUOUS

CONVENIENCE

DEPRECATE

DETERMINE

EARTH

EFFICIENT

ELATION

ENORMOUS

ENTHUSIASTIC

EXASPERATION

EXCITE

EXPIRATION

EXPRESS

FAITH

FANTASTIC

FORENSIC

GENII

GENIUS

GENEROUS

GOODS

GYMNASIUM

HONESTY

HUMOUR

IDEAL

ILLUSTRATION

IMMEDIATE

INFERIOR

INFIDELITY

INNOCENCE

INOCULATE

INSINUATE

INTUITION

INTERCOURSE

JEALOUSY

JUSTIFICATION

LASTS

LUXURY

MAN

MATRIX

MEAN

MEAT 
OFFERING

MEDIUM

MELANCHOLY

MEMORABILIA

MERE

MERITORIOUS

MIND

NATIONS

NATURAL

NATURALIST

NECTAR

NOBLE

OCCASION

OMEN

ORCHESTRA

ORDER

ORDINATION

ORGAN

OWN

PARADISE

PARCHMENT

PASSION

PECULIAR

PLASTIC

POSTERIOR

PREDICATION

PRESENTLY

PRIMATE

PRIMEVAL

PRIMITIVES

PROPER TO

PROVE

PULSE

RATIONAL

READ

REAL THINGS

REMAINS

RESUSCITATE

SALUTE

SAVE

SCANDAL

SCIENCE

SENSIBLE

SENSUOUS

SIMPLE

SIREN

SKIRT

SOLEMN

SPONTANEOUS

STOCK

STUPOR

SUCCEED

SUFFER 
HIMSELF

SWEETMEAT

TABERNACLE

TEMPT

TEMPTATION

TENOR

TIARA

TRANSCRIBE

TRANSLATE

TYPICAL

ULTIMATE

VICAR

VIRTUE

VOLUPTUOUS

VULGAR WANT

Word List

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  Z Diagrams

to A

(Abbreviations used in this work: adj. = adjective, L. = Latin, n. = noun, opp. = opposite, pl. = plural, prep. = preposition, transl. = translated)

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